National settlements Indigenous peoples of the North living in the Khabarovsk Krai
First nations people of the North are presented in Khabarovsk Krai by 25 nationalities with 24 thousand people. It makes 12% of all first nations people's population living in the Russian Federation. The share of first nations people in northern areas of the Krai makes 20-50%. Number of the native population has increased by 13% against 1989. The complex program of social and economic development of first nations peoples for 2002-2005 is authorized by the Krai Government. More than 350 thousand rubles are appropriated for its realization.
Nanaians concern to the native peoples of Priamurye with an ancient history and original culture. Traditionally they are occupied with fishing, hunting, gathering. The rivers, first of all the Amur River, and environmental taiga fed and dressed Nanaians, provided their families with all necessary. The instruments of hunting were bow with arrows, spear various arbalets, loops, and nets on small fur animals. The hunting guns began to be used only in the beginning of the ÕÕth century. http://www.amursk.ru/kraeved/ http://www.sakhalin.ru/sakhalin/tales/Tales_Nn.htm
Ulchi live on the neighbourhood with Nanaians in the bottom current of the Amur River. Ulchi name themselves "nani" that means "ground people". From ancient times Ulchi are occupied with hunting, fishery, dog breeding, fish leather was used for clothes and footwear. The women sewed wedding dressing gowns from the fish leather, embroidered refined ornaments. There is an image of tree of life on many ulchian dressing gowns. The dressing gowns skilfully made of fish leather, embroidered colourful carpets, ulchian baskets plaited of rod, ornamented birch barked boxes make pride of the traditional ulchian culture.
Negidaltsi live in the Lower Amgun and Amur rivers on the territory of P.Osipenko and Ulchsky regions.
Evenks occupy the Upper Amgun, right inflow of Amur - Bureya river, and also valleys of the rivers falling into the Okhotsk sea to the north of Amur River mouth.
Orochi live on the coast of the Tatarsky strait in the Sovetskaya Gavan region. Most of them are settled on the Tumnin river, in the villages Novoye Îmmi, Gurskoye of the Komsomolsky region. (http://www.sakhalin.ru/sakhalin/tales/Tales_O.htm)
Udegei live on the slopes of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range. V.Ê.Arsenyev - the famous traveller and researcher of the Russian Far East called Udegei "forest people". The most significant settlements of Udegei in the Khabarovsk Territory are Gvasyugi village, in the Primorsky Territory - Agzu village, Krasny Yar and Olon. (http://lazo.khv.ru/history/udege.html)
The traditional forms of religion of the Priamurye peoples were closely connected to their trade culture, in the basis of which was the animal world, close to a person. It was considered that a person has an animal or bird origin, that animals in taiga can hear and understand each other and everyone. It tells that animal can revive after its death if its skull and bones where not damaged, that animals and birds have their spirits-owners. So one must periodically speak with them in order to have a successful hunt. Therefore the traditional holidays include the actions, directed on the fault removing for the murder of animal and "reviving" the murdered animal again.
Even the first researchers had mentioned that the peoples of Priamurye are virtuosos of the wood art. The Ultchi knew a set of groove and list techniques. Therefore their utensils represent perfect samples of carved art.
Traditional clothes of the peoples of Priamurye is one of the most mass kinds of art creativity combining the art of designing, application, processing of leather, metal, stone in itself. The most interesting are the dressing gowns from the fish leather. They are for wearing in spring, summer and in the beginning of autumn. The special value is given to wedding clothes, which have plenty of ornaments as suspension brackets and fur. The image of patrimonial tree on a dressing gown is necessary part, which symbolises continuation of a family. Birds, sitting on branches are symbolised the souls of children who had not born yet. The ornaments for male and female gowns are different. Hat and gloves have their own specific ornament. Many masters had found their inspiration in wood or bone groove art. Hunt had become the original competition among the villages: whose clothes had been decorated better, whose boat, sleds had been more beautiful.
The regional ethnocultural centres with small museums, exhibition halls, creative workshops on decorative-applied art, national collectives are created in Khabarovsk territory. The ancient national holidays are carried out annually. The realization of the national "Bear holiday" and wedding "gema-ta" was also revived in 1992-1993. The ancient competitions on national kinds of sport, the performances of art amateur performance, sale of national products of decorative-applied art are usually represented during the national holidays.
Nanaians live in Nanaysky, Komsomolsky, Amursky regions of the Khabarovsk Krai (
